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Sec 3 (2020)

Additional Notes

March 9, 2020 Mr Shone

The following notes were prepared and shared by an HCI student. They will likely come in useful for those doing Physics Olympiad or SJPO Competitions.

 

0.1 Introduction

0.2 Calculus

0.3 Vectors

M1. Kinematics

Conservation of Energy

Conservation of Momentum

M2.1 Forces Newton’s Laws

M2.2 Forces Statics and Dynamics

M4.1 Rotations 1

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2025 Physics Lessons

  • PR – Practical Skills
  • 0 – Basics
    • 0.1 – Readings & Measurements
    • 0.2 – Precision
    • 0.3 – Accuracy
    • 0.4.1 – Implied Values
    • 0.4.2 – Significant Figures
    • 0.4.3 – Decimal Places
    • 0.4.4 – Standard Form
    • 0.5 – Calculations
    • 0.6 – Tables
    • 0.7 – Plotting Graphs
    • 0.8 – Experimental Errors
    • 0.9.1 – Precautions
    • 0.9.2 – Examples of Precautions to Improve Accuracy
    • 0.9.3 – Examples of Precautions to Improve Safety
    • 0.10 – Conversion of Units
    • 0.11.1 – Using Your Calculator
    • 0.11.2 – Data Analysis*
    • 0.12.1 – Experimental Variables
    • 0.12.2 – Experimental Apparatus
    • 0.12.3 – Experimental Procedure
    • 0.12.4 – Linearising Equations
  • 1 – Measurement
    • 1.1 – Physical Quantities & Units
    • 1.2 – Measuring Length
    • 1.2.1 – Rulers & Tape Measures
    • 1.2.2 – Callipers
    • 1.2.3 – Micrometer Screw Gauge
    • 1.3 – Measuring Time
    • 1.3.1 – Stopwatch
    • 1.3.2 – Pendulum
    • 1.4 – Measuring Angles
    • 1.5 – Measuring Mass
    • 1.6 – Measuring Density
  • 2A – Optics: Reflection
    • 2A.0 – Properties of Light
    • 2A.1 – Reflection
    • 2A.2.1 – Properties of Plane Mirror Images
    • 2A.2.2 – Locating Images
    • 2A.3 – The Laws of Reflection
    • 2A.4 – Angle of Deviation
    • 2.5A – Ray Diagrams
    • 2A.5.1 – Cone of Light
    • 2A.5.2 – Reflection of Large Objects
    • 2A.5.3 – Multiple Mirrors
    • 2A.6.1 – Your Own Image
    • 2A.6.2 – Periscope
  • 2B – Optics: Refraction
    • 2B.1 – Introduction to Refraction
    • 2B.2 – The Laws of Refraction
    • 2B.3 – Snell’s Law
    • 2B.4 – Partial Reflections
    • 2B.5 – Critical Angle
    • 2B.6 – Total Internal Reflection
    • 2B.7 – Optical Illusions Due to Refraction
    • 2B.8 – Optical Fibres
  • 2C – Optics: Lenses
    • 2C.1 – Types of Lens
    • 2C.2 – Lens Terminology
    • 2C.3 – Light Passing Through A Lens
    • 2C.4 – Formation Of Images
    • 2C.5 – Solving Lens Problems
    • 2C.6 – Describing Images
    • 2C.7 – Lens Applications
    • 2C.8 – Lens Formula
    • 2C.9 – Human Eye
  • 3 – Kinematics
    • 3.1 – Scalars & Vectors
    • 3.2.1 – Distance
    • 3.2.2 – Displacement
    • 3.3.1 – Speed
    • 3.3.2 – Velocity
    • 3.4 – Acceleration
    • 3.5.1 – Data Table Questions
    • 3.5.2 – Ticker Tape Timer
    • 3.6 – Displacement-Time Graph
    • 3.7 – Velocity-Time Graph
    • 3.8 – Free-Fall
    • 3.9 – Equations of Motion
    • 3.10.1 – Projectile Motion*
  • 4 – Forces & Dynamics
    • 4.1 – Types of Force
    • 4.1.1 – Gravitational Force (Weight)
    • 4.1.2 – Friction
    • 4.1.3 – Air Resistance
    • 4.1.4 – Tension
    • 4.1.5 – Normal Contact Force
    • 4.1.6 – Thrust
    • 4.1.7 – Lift
    • 4.1.8 – Upthrust
    • 4.2 – Free-body Diagram
    • 4.2.1 – Free Body Diagrams: Challenging Examples
    • 4.3 – Balanced & Unbalanced Forces
    • 4.4 – Newton’s First Law
    • 4.5 – Newton’s Second Law
    • 4.5.1 – Terminal Velocity
    • 4.6 – Newton’s Third Law
    • 4.7 – Vector Addition
    • 4.8 – Vector Resolution
    • 4.9 – Circular Motion*
    • 4.10 – Gravitational Fields*
    • 4.11 – Linear Momentum*
  • 5 – Turning Effects
    • 5.1 – Moment of a Force
    • 5.2 – Principle of Moments
    • 5.3 – Centre of Gravity
    • 5.4 – Types of Equilibrium
    • 5.5 – Stability
  • 6 – Work, Energy, Power & Efficiency
    • 6.1 – Energy
    • 6.2 – Principle of Conservation of Energy
    • 6.3 – Work
    • 6.4 – Power
    • 6.5 – Efficiency
    • 6.6 – Renewable and Non-renewable energy
  • 9 – Pressure
    • 9.1 – Pressure
    • 9.2.1 – Hydraulic Systems
    • 9.2.2 – Hydrostatic Pressure
    • 9.3.1 – Atmospheric Pressure
    • 9.3.2 – Barometers
    • 9.3.3 – Manometers
    • 9.4 – Boyle’s Law
    • 9.5 – Ideal Gas Law*
  • 10 – Thermal Physics
    • 10.1 – Temperature
    • 10.2 – Kinetic Model of Matter
    • 10.3 – Transfer of Thermal Energy
    • 10.4 – Internal Energy of a System
    • 10.5 – Heat Capacity & Specific Heat Capacity
    • 10.6 – Latent Heat & Specific Latent Heat
    • 10.7 – Evaporation & Boiling
    • 10.8 – Heating Curves & Cooling Curves
  • 11 – Electromagnetic Waves
  • 12 – Waves & Sound
    • 12.1.1 – Wave Motion
    • 12.1.2 – Wave Terminology
    • 12.1.3 – The Wave Equation
    • 12.2 – Motion of Waves & Particles
    • 12.3.1 – Reflection of Plane Waves
    • 12.3.2 – Refraction of Plane Waves
    • 12.4.1 – Sound
    • 12.4.2 – Production & Transmission of Sound Waves
    • 12.4.3 – Vibrations in a Sound Wave
    • 12.5 – Properties of Sound Waves
    • 12.6 – Speed of Sound
    • 12.7 – Ultrasound & Infrasound
    • 12.8 – Superposition of Waves*
    • 12.9.1 – Stationary vs Progressive Waves*
    • 12.9.2 – Stationary Waves in Stretched Strings*
    • 12.9.3 – Stationary Waves in Open Pipes*
    • 12.9.4 – Stationary Waves in Closed Pipes*
    • Appendix A – Reading Oscilloscopes
  • 13 – Electrostatics
    • 13.1 – Electrostatics
    • 13.2.1 – Insulators
    • 13.2.2 – Conductors
    • 13.3 – Electric Fields
    • 13.4 – Applications of Electrostatics
    • 13.5 – Coulomb’s Law (Adv)
    • 13.6 – Motion of Charged Particles in Uniform Electric Fields (Adv)
  • 14 – Current of Electricity
    • 14.1 – Charge & Electric Current
    • 14.2.1 – Electromotive Force
    • 14.2.2 – Potential Difference
    • 14.2.3 – Electric Potential*
    • 14.3.1 – Resistance
    • 14.3.2 – Measuring Resistance
    • 14.3.3 – Ohm’s Law
    • 14.4 – Using A Multimeter
  • 15 – D.C. Circuits
    • 15.1 – Circuits
    • 15.2.1 – Series Circuits
    • 15.2.2 – Parallel Circuits
    • 15.2.3 – Circuits with Series & Parallel Components
    • 15.3 – Potential Divider Circuit
    • 15.4.1 – Filament Lamp
    • 15.4.2 – Thermistor
    • 15.4.3 – Light-Dependent Resistor
    • 15.4.4 – Diode
  • 16 – Practical Electricity
    • 161 – Sources of Electrical Energy
    • 16.2 – Electrical Power
    • 16.3 – Electrical Energy
    • 16.4.1 – Mains Electricity
    • 16.4.2 – Mains Wiring
    • 16.4.3 – Dangers of Mains Electricity
    • 16.5.1 – Switches
    • 16.5.2 – Fuses
    • 16.5.3 – Earthing
    • 16.5.4 – Plugs & Sockets
    • 16.5.5 – Circuit Breakers
    • 16.5.6 – Double Insulation
  • 17 – Magnetism
    • 17.1 – Law of Magnetism
    • 17.2 – Properties of Magnetic Materials
    • 17.3 – Magnetisation & Demagnetisation
    • 17.4 – Magnetic Fields
    • 17.5 – Magnetic Shielding
    • 17.6 – Applications of Magnets
  • 18 – Electromagnetism
    • 18.1 – Magnetic Effect of a Current
    • 18.2 – Applications of the Magnetic Effect of a Current
    • 18.3 – Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor
    • 18.4 – Force on a Moving Charged Particle
    • 18.5 – Forces between two parallel wires carrying current
    • 18.6 – The D.C. Motor
    • 18.7 – Electromagnetism – Advanced Topics*
  • 19 – Electromagnetic Induction
    • 19.1 – Electromagnetic Induction
    • 19.2 – The A.C. Generator
    • 19.3.1 – Mutual Induction
    • 19.3.2 – The Transformer
    • 19.3.3 – Power Transmission
  • 20 – Radioactivity
    • 20.1 – Structure of the Atom
    • 20.2 – Nuclear Decay
    • 20.3 – Measuring Ionising Radiation
    • 20.4 – Half-life
    • 20.5 – Background Radiation
    • 20.6.1 – Nuclear Fission
    • 20.6.2 – Nuclear Fusion
    • 20.7 – Applications of Radioactivity
    • 20.8 – Hazards of Radioactivity
    • 20.9 – Advanced Physics Extension*
  • Extra Notes
    • Extra Notes
    • Alternative Notes

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