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Info, Sec 4 (2021)

Answers to Chapter 8 Notes

March 3, 2021 Mr Shone

2020-s3-phynotes-08-refraction ans (9 dec)

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Previous PostWA1 Physics Class TestNext PostAnswers to AS8.1 & AS8.2

2025 Physics Lessons

  • PR – Practical Skills
  • 0 – Basics
    • 0.1 – Readings & Measurements
    • 0.2 – Precision
    • 0.3 – Accuracy
    • 0.4.1 – Implied Values
    • 0.4.2 – Significant Figures
    • 0.4.3 – Decimal Places
    • 0.4.4 – Standard Form
    • 0.5 – Calculations
    • 0.6 – Tables
    • 0.7 – Plotting Graphs
    • 0.8 – Experimental Errors
    • 0.9.1 – Precautions
    • 0.9.2 – Examples of Precautions to Improve Accuracy
    • 0.9.3 – Examples of Precautions to Improve Safety
    • 0.10 – Conversion of Units
    • 0.11.1 – Using Your Calculator
    • 0.11.2 – Data Analysis*
    • 0.12.1 – Experimental Variables
    • 0.12.2 – Experimental Apparatus
    • 0.12.3 – Experimental Procedure
    • 0.12.4 – Linearising Equations
  • 1 – Measurement
    • 1.1 – Physical Quantities & Units
    • 1.2 – Measuring Length
    • 1.2.1 – Rulers & Tape Measures
    • 1.2.2 – Callipers
    • 1.2.3 – Micrometer Screw Gauge
    • 1.3 – Measuring Time
    • 1.3.1 – Stopwatch
    • 1.3.2 – Pendulum
    • 1.4 – Measuring Angles
    • 1.5 – Measuring Mass
    • 1.6 – Measuring Density
  • 2A – Optics: Reflection
    • 2A.0 – Properties of Light
    • 2A.1 – Reflection
    • 2A.2.1 – Properties of Plane Mirror Images
    • 2A.2.2 – Locating Images
    • 2A.3 – The Laws of Reflection
    • 2A.4 – Angle of Deviation
    • 2.5A – Ray Diagrams
    • 2A.5.1 – Cone of Light
    • 2A.5.2 – Reflection of Large Objects
    • 2A.5.3 – Multiple Mirrors
    • 2A.6.1 – Your Own Image
    • 2A.6.2 – Periscope
  • 2B – Optics: Refraction
    • 2B.1 – Introduction to Refraction
    • 2B.2 – The Laws of Refraction
    • 2B.3 – Snell’s Law
    • 2B.4 – Partial Reflections
    • 2B.5 – Critical Angle
    • 2B.6 – Total Internal Reflection
    • 2B.7 – Optical Illusions Due to Refraction
    • 2B.8 – Optical Fibres
  • 2C – Optics: Lenses
    • 2C.1 – Types of Lens
    • 2C.2 – Lens Terminology
    • 2C.3 – Light Passing Through A Lens
    • 2C.4 – Formation Of Images
    • 2C.5 – Solving Lens Problems
    • 2C.6 – Describing Images
    • 2C.7 – Lens Applications
    • 2C.8 – Lens Formula
    • 2C.9 – Human Eye
  • 3 – Kinematics
    • 3.1 – Scalars & Vectors
    • 3.2.1 – Distance
    • 3.2.2 – Displacement
    • 3.3.1 – Speed
    • 3.3.2 – Velocity
    • 3.4 – Acceleration
    • 3.5.1 – Data Table Questions
    • 3.5.2 – Ticker Tape Timer
    • 3.6 – Displacement-Time Graph
    • 3.7 – Velocity-Time Graph
    • 3.8 – Free-Fall
    • 3.9 – Equations of Motion
    • 3.10.1 – Projectile Motion*
  • 4 – Forces & Dynamics
    • 4.1 – Types of Force
    • 4.1.1 – Gravitational Force (Weight)
    • 4.1.2 – Friction
    • 4.1.3 – Air Resistance
    • 4.1.4 – Tension
    • 4.1.5 – Normal Contact Force
    • 4.1.6 – Thrust
    • 4.1.7 – Lift
    • 4.1.8 – Upthrust
    • 4.2 – Free-body Diagram
    • 4.2.1 – Free Body Diagrams: Challenging Examples
    • 4.3 – Balanced & Unbalanced Forces
    • 4.4 – Newton’s First Law
    • 4.5 – Newton’s Second Law
    • 4.5.1 – Terminal Velocity
    • 4.6 – Newton’s Third Law
    • 4.7 – Vector Addition
    • 4.8 – Vector Resolution
    • 4.9 – Circular Motion*
    • 4.10 – Gravitational Fields*
    • 4.11 – Linear Momentum*
  • 5 – Turning Effects
    • 5.1 – Moment of a Force
    • 5.2 – Principle of Moments
    • 5.3 – Centre of Gravity
    • 5.4 – Types of Equilibrium
    • 5.5 – Stability
  • 6 – Work, Energy, Power & Efficiency
    • 6.1 – Energy
    • 6.2 – Principle of Conservation of Energy
    • 6.3 – Work
    • 6.4 – Power
    • 6.5 – Efficiency
    • 6.6 – Renewable and Non-renewable energy
  • 9 – Pressure
    • 9.1 – Pressure
    • 9.2.1 – Hydraulic Systems
    • 9.2.2 – Hydrostatic Pressure
    • 9.3.1 – Atmospheric Pressure
    • 9.3.2 – Barometers
    • 9.3.3 – Manometers
    • 9.4 – Boyle’s Law
    • 9.5 – Ideal Gas Law*
  • 10 – Thermal Physics
    • 10.1 – Temperature
    • 10.2 – Kinetic Model of Matter
    • 10.3 – Transfer of Thermal Energy
    • 10.4 – Internal Energy of a System
    • 10.5 – Heat Capacity & Specific Heat Capacity
    • 10.6 – Latent Heat & Specific Latent Heat
    • 10.7 – Evaporation & Boiling
    • 10.8 – Heating Curves & Cooling Curves
  • 11 – Electromagnetic Waves
  • 12 – Waves & Sound
    • 12.1.1 – Wave Motion
    • 12.1.2 – Wave Terminology
    • 12.1.3 – The Wave Equation
    • 12.2 – Motion of Waves & Particles
    • 12.3.1 – Reflection of Plane Waves
    • 12.3.2 – Refraction of Plane Waves
    • 12.4.1 – Sound
    • 12.4.2 – Production & Transmission of Sound Waves
    • 12.4.3 – Vibrations in a Sound Wave
    • 12.5 – Properties of Sound Waves
    • 12.6 – Speed of Sound
    • 12.7 – Ultrasound & Infrasound
    • 12.8 – Superposition of Waves*
    • 12.9.1 – Stationary vs Progressive Waves*
    • 12.9.2 – Stationary Waves in Stretched Strings*
    • 12.9.3 – Stationary Waves in Open Pipes*
    • 12.9.4 – Stationary Waves in Closed Pipes*
    • Appendix A – Reading Oscilloscopes
  • 13 – Electrostatics
    • 13.1 – Electrostatics
    • 13.2.1 – Insulators
    • 13.2.2 – Conductors
    • 13.3 – Electric Fields
    • 13.4 – Applications of Electrostatics
    • 13.5 – Coulomb’s Law (Adv)
    • 13.6 – Motion of Charged Particles in Uniform Electric Fields (Adv)
  • 14 – Current of Electricity
    • 14.1 – Charge & Electric Current
    • 14.2.1 – Electromotive Force
    • 14.2.2 – Potential Difference
    • 14.2.3 – Electric Potential*
    • 14.3.1 – Resistance
    • 14.3.2 – Measuring Resistance
    • 14.3.3 – Ohm’s Law
    • 14.4 – Using A Multimeter
  • 15 – D.C. Circuits
    • 15.1 – Circuits
    • 15.2.1 – Series Circuits
    • 15.2.2 – Parallel Circuits
    • 15.2.3 – Circuits with Series & Parallel Components
    • 15.3 – Potential Divider Circuit
    • 15.4.1 – Filament Lamp
    • 15.4.2 – Thermistor
    • 15.4.3 – Light-Dependent Resistor
    • 15.4.4 – Diode
  • 16 – Practical Electricity
    • 161 – Sources of Electrical Energy
    • 16.2 – Electrical Power
    • 16.3 – Electrical Energy
    • 16.4.1 – Mains Electricity
    • 16.4.2 – Mains Wiring
    • 16.4.3 – Dangers of Mains Electricity
    • 16.5.1 – Switches
    • 16.5.2 – Fuses
    • 16.5.3 – Earthing
    • 16.5.4 – Plugs & Sockets
    • 16.5.5 – Circuit Breakers
    • 16.5.6 – Double Insulation
  • 17 – Magnetism
    • 17.1 – Law of Magnetism
    • 17.2 – Properties of Magnetic Materials
    • 17.3 – Magnetisation & Demagnetisation
    • 17.4 – Magnetic Fields
    • 17.5 – Magnetic Shielding
    • 17.6 – Applications of Magnets
  • 18 – Electromagnetism
    • 18.1 – Magnetic Effect of a Current
    • 18.2 – Applications of the Magnetic Effect of a Current
    • 18.3 – Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor
    • 18.4 – Force on a Moving Charged Particle
    • 18.5 – Forces between two parallel wires carrying current
    • 18.6 – The D.C. Motor
    • 18.7 – Electromagnetism – Advanced Topics*
  • 19 – Electromagnetic Induction
    • 19.1 – Electromagnetic Induction
    • 19.2 – The A.C. Generator
    • 19.3.1 – Mutual Induction
    • 19.3.2 – The Transformer
    • 19.3.3 – Power Transmission
  • 20 – Radioactivity
    • 20.1 – Structure of the Atom
    • 20.2 – Nuclear Decay
    • 20.3 – Measuring Ionising Radiation
    • 20.4 – Half-life
    • 20.5 – Background Radiation
    • 20.6.1 – Nuclear Fission
    • 20.6.2 – Nuclear Fusion
    • 20.7 – Applications of Radioactivity
    • 20.8 – Hazards of Radioactivity
    • 20.9 – Advanced Physics Extension*
  • Extra Notes
    • Extra Notes
    • Alternative Notes

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